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The positivist calendar was a calendar reform proposal by Auguste Comte in 1849. Revising the earlier work of Marco Mastrofini, or an even earlier proposal by "Hirossa Ap-Iccim" (Rev. Hugh Jones), Comte developed a solar calendar with 13 months of 28 days, and an additional festival day commemorating the dead, totalling 365 days. This extra day added to the last month was outside of the days of the week cycle, and so the first of a month was always a Monday. On leap years, an additional festival day (also outside the week cycle), to celebrate holy women, would join the memorial day of the dead. The scheme followed the Gregorian calendar rules for determining which years are leap years, and started on January 1. Year 1 "of the Great Crisis" (i.e. the French Revolution) was equivalent to 1789 in the standard Gregorian system. Much like Comte's other schemas, the positivist calendar never enjoyed widespread use. The months were named, in chronological historical order, for great figures in Western European history in the fields of science, religion, philosophy, industry and literature. Each day of the year was named after neither Catholic Saints as in the Gregorian calendar nor after Île-de-France agriculture as in the French Republican calendar but after figures in history in various fields. Weeks and days were also dedicated to great figures in history as a secular version of the concept of saint's days. In all, the Positivist Calendar "contains the names of 558 great men of all periods, classified according to their field of activity."〔Edward Cary Hayes; Ulysses G. Weatherly, ''Social Progress: Studies in the Dynamics of Change'', J. B. Lippincott, 1926, p.255.〕 Villains of history were also commemorated in order to be held up for "perpetual execration".〔 Napoleon, according to Comte, was especially deserving of this fate.〔John Bowle, ''Politics and Opinion in the Nineteenth Century: An Historical Introduction'', Oxford University Press, New York, 1954, p.131.〕 Months were named: #Moses #Homer #Aristotle #Archimedes #Caesar #Saint Paul #Charlemagne #Dante #Gutenberg #Shakespeare #Descartes #Frederick #Bichat In 1849, Comte wrote that he called his calendar a "breach of continuity" with the old way of thinking, and his Humanistic calendar was part of that breach. He called it, "a provisional institution, destined for the present exceptional century to serve as an introduction to the abstract worship of Humanity."〔Comte, A: ''"(System of Positive Polity )"'', page 346. Longmans, Green and Co. 1877 edition.〕 Aside from the religious references the calendar carried, Duncan Steel, author of ''Marking Time,'' believes the novelty of the calendar's month names alone helped prevent the wide acceptance of this proposal. Author Tricia Lootens writes that the idea of naming days after literary figures, as if they were Catholic Saint days, didn't catch on outside the Positivist movement. ==See also== * Positivism * Religion of humanity * Secular Humanism 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「positivist calendar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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